Fig. 1. Standard method used for displaying fatigue test results. 1a (right) shows standard fatigue testing terminology, and 1b. (left) depicts an S-N diagram. Photo Credit: Dan Adams Fatigue testing ...

Figure 1. Ultrasonic testing using pulse echo and through-transmission methods. Pulse echo (left and center) uses a transducer that sends and receives ultrasound energy, producing both A- and B-scan ...

A material’s hardness relates to its mechanical resistance when subjected to mechanical indentation by another harder body. Diamond is considered the hardest natural material and is typically used for ...

What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...