based Muhammad The Ottoman–Wahhabi War was one of the most significant conflicts in the history of the Arabian Peninsula during the early nineteenth century. It was fought between the Ottoman Empire, acting primarily through its powerful governor Muhammad Ali Pasha, and the First Saudi State, whose rulers were closely allied with the Wahhabi religious movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. The war began after Wahhabi-Saudi forces expanded across central Arabia and seized the holy cities